Anbefalinger

Hvis det oppstår problemer med en katalysator er det vanligvis noe galt med bilen.
Erstatter du kun katalysatoren blir ikke problemet løst. Før du erstatter katalysatoren, vennligst sjekk følgende:

• Motoren må justeres
• Drivstoff kommer inn i katalysatoren
• Olje eller frostvæske kommer inn i katalysatoren
• Tennpluggene eller tennplugg-ledningene er skadet
• Lambda-sensoren er skadd
• Opphenging av katalysatoren er ikke i orden
• Motoren går på gass.

Motoren må justeres

Forskjellige problemer kan oppstå i katalysatoren pga. feiljustering av motoren. Når en motor opererer utover de vanlige og rette spesifikasjoner, kan det oppstå unødvendig slitasje og skade i både motoren og katalysatoren. Skadene er som regel et resultat av feil luft/drivstoff blanding, feil tenningsforsinkelse eller progress, forsinkelse i selve gnisten fra pluggen etc. Alle slike problemer kan gjøre at katalysatoren feiler.

Drivstoff kommer inn i katalysatoren

Drivstoffet som sorger for at motoren yter slik den gjør skal kun forbrennes i selve forbrenningskammeret. Hvis drivstoffet forlater dette kammeret uten å ha blitt brent vil dette nødvendigvis forsvinne via eksossystemet. Mens det forsvinner vil varmen i eksosanlegget som vanlig tenne drivstoffet i katalysatoren. Dette kan resultere i overoppheting av katalysatoren, som igjen resulterer i fusjon av renseelementene. Mulige grunner er: feil blandingsforhold, tenningsforsinkelse eller progress, ødelagte tennplugger, feil ved lambdasensor, etc.

Olje eller frostvæske kommer inn i katalysatoren

Olje eller frostvæske som kommer inn i katalysatoren kan også lage problemer siden disse væskene lager "kaker" på de keramiske veggene i beholderen. Disse kakene kan gi 2 typer problemer: Først og fremst forsvinner selve virkningen, siden gassen ikke kommer til keramikken lenger, men på den andre siden kan dette resultere i mottrykk som gjør at varme og gasser slår tilbake til motoren. I dette tilfellet kan til og med motoren få forbrente gasser inn i forbrenningskammeret og dermed miste en god del ytelse. Mulige årsaker: slitasje i forskjellige motordeler.

Tennpluggene eller tennpluug-ledningene er skadet

Tennplugger som ikke gnister eller gnister dårlig resulterer i uforbrent drivstoff i eksossystemet. Hvis drivstoffet kommer i eksossystemet vil varmen i eksosanlegget som vanlig tenne drivstoffet i katalysatoren. Dette kan resultere i overoppheting av katalysatoren, som igjen resulterer i fusjon av renseelementene. Tennpluggene og ledningene bør derfor jevnlig sjekkes og byttes hvis mangler blir påvist.

Lambda-sensoren er skadd

Hvis lambdasensoren feiler gir dette ukorrekt informasjon om eksosgassens konsistens, som igjen resulterer i feil ordrer som blir sendt til kontrollenheten for innsprøytningssystemet. I praksis kan dette lede til en for rik eller for fattig blandning. I den Periodiske Kjøretøy Kontrollen vil så kjøretøyet ikke bli godkjent, pga. at skadelige hydrokarboner ikke blir transformert når de passerer katalysatoren.

Opphenging av katalysatoren er ikke i orden

Keramikken i katalysatoren er laget av et meget porøst materiale som er lett og tynn. Det er i sin helhet beskyttet igjennom en tykk isolerende tape som holder keramikken på plass og beskytter den. Men skarpe slag og/eller manglende eller feil opphenging kan resultere i skader i keramikken. Når keramikken er skadet, løsner den og stenger igjen for "fri" gasspassasje, som igjen gir mottrykk som kan skade motoren. I noen tilfeller kan disse keramiske deler dele seg opp i småbiter som forsvinner ut av hele systemet. Da utfører ikke katalysatoren noen slags funksjon lenger.

EU

1. Basic Directive: Council Directive 70/220/CEE, of March 20th, 1970. on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles.

2. EURO I : Council Directive 91/441/CEE, of June 26th, 1991, by which Directive 70/200/CEE , on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles, is amended.

3. Council Directive 93/59/CEE of June 28th on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles, is amended.

4. Euro II: Directive 94/12/CE of the European Parliament and Council, of March 23rd, 1994, relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles and by which Directive 70/220/CEE is modified.

5. Commission Directive 96/44/CE of July 1st, 1996 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles is adapted to progress.

6. Directive 96/69/CEE of the European Parliament and Council of October 8th, 1996by which Directive 70/200/CEE, on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles is amended.

7. Regulation No. 103 of the United Nations, of February 23rd, 1997

8. Adhesion to Regulation R-103: Adhesion to Regulation R-103: Council Decision 97/836/CE of November 27th, 1997, relating to the adhesion of the European Community to the Agreement of the United Nations Economic European Commission on the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions applicable to road vehicles and the fittings and parts that can be assembled on to them or used in them and on conditions of reciprocal recognition of the approvals granted in compliance with the said prescriptions.

9. Approval of replacement catalytic converters (PDF): Commission Directive 98/77/CE, of October 1998, by which Council Directive 70/200/CEE, on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by gases from positive-ignition engines of motor vehicles is adapted to progress.

10. EURO III and EURO IV (PDF): Commission Directive 98/69/CE of the European Parliament and Council , of October 13th , 1998 , relating to the measures to be taken against the atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust gases from motor vehicles and by which Council Directive 70/200/CEE is modified.

11. Commission Directive 199/102/CE, of December 15th, 1999 (PDF), by which Council Directive 70/200/CEE, relating to the measures to be taken against the atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust gases from motor vehicles is adapted to technical progress.

12. Directive 2001/1/CE of the European Parliament and Council, of January 22nd, 2001 (PDF), by which Council Directive 70/200/CEE, relating to the measures to be taken against the atmospheric pollution caused by exhaust gases from motor vehicles is modified.

Following United Nations regulation R-103 and Directive 98/77/CE, valid for the approval of replacement catalytic converters in approved vehicles without OBD (on-board diagnostic system) and which fall within the framework of EURO I and EURO II, a new Directive is being developed for the approval of replacement catalytic converters in approved vehicles with the said system (within the framework of EURO III and EURO IV).

Community Directives relating to the technical inspection of vehicles

1. Council Directive 96/96/CE of December 20th, 1996 on the approximation of the legislations of the Member States relating to the technical inspection of motor vehicles and their trailers.

2. Commission Directive 1999/52/CE, of May 26th, 1999 (PDF), by which Council Directive 96/96/CE, on the approximation of the legislations of the Member States relating to the technical inspection of motor vehicles and their trailers is adapted to technical progress.

3. Commission Directive 2001/9/CE, of February 12th, 2001 (PDF), by which Council Directive 96/96/CE, on the approximation of the legislations of the Member States relating to the technical inspection of motor vehicles and their trailers is adapted to technical progress.